Biography of Bernie Sanders, Independent Socialist

Bernie Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is an American politician, who since 2007, has served in the United States Senate as the junior Senator from Vermont. First elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1990, Sanders is the longest-serving Independent in the history of the U.S. Congress. A self-described democratic socialist, Sanders mounted an unsuccessful campaign for the 2016 Democratic nomination for President of the United States, losing the bid to Hillary Clinton. On February 19, 2019, Sanders announced he would again seek the Democratic Partys nomination for the 2020 presidential election. Bernie Sanders Fast Facts Full Name: Bernard â€Å"Bernie† SandersKnown For: Twice sought nomination as U.S. presidential candidateBorn: September 8, 1941 in Brooklyn, New YorkParents: Elias Ben Yehuda Sanders and Dorothy Dora SandersEducation: University of Chicago (Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, 1964)Published Works: Bernie Sanders Guide to Political Revolution (2017)Spouses: Deborah Shiling (m. 1964-1966), Jane OMeara (m. 1988)Children: Levi SandersNotable Quote: â€Å"Democratic socialism means that we must reform a political system that is corrupt, that we must create an economy that works for all, not just the very wealthy.† Early Life and Education Sanders was born on September 8, 1941, in Brooklyn, New York City, to Elias Ben Yehuda Sanders and Dorothy Dora Sanders. Along with his older brother, Larry, Sanders lived in Brooklyn, where he attended James Madison High School and Hebrew school in the afternoons. After studying at Brooklyn College from 1959 to 1960, he transferred to the University of Chicago, graduating in 1964 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. Political Career and Timeline Having lost several of his relatives in the Holocaust, Sanders’ interest in the importance of politics and government began early in his life. While a student at Brooklyn College, he was an organizer for the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee during the Civil Rights Movement. After moving to Vermont in 1968, Sanders, running as an Independent, won his first of four terms as Mayor of Burlington in 1981. In 1990, Sanders was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives representing Vermont’s at-large congressional district. He would later co-found the Congressional Progressive Caucus and go on to serve 16 years in the House. In 2006, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, and was reelected in 2012 and 2018. In 2015, Sanders campaigned unsuccessfully for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. Though given little chance, he won primaries or caucuses in 23 states, garnering 43% of pledged delegates to the Democratic Convention, to Hillary Clintons 55%. Sanders went on to endorse Clinton in her campaign against Republican Donald Trump. In announcing his candidacy for the Democratic Partys Nomination for president in the 2020 presidential election, Sanders joined a crowded field of other candidates and potential candidates, including incumbent President Donald Trump and senators Elizabeth Warren, Kamala Harris, and Cory Booker.   The official government biography for Sanders lists his previous nonpolitical occupations as carpenter and journalist. A 2015 profile of Sanders by Politico reporter Michael Kruse quoted a political ally as saying his work as a carpenter was rudimentary and not good enough to support his family. It also detailed Sanders freelance work for the Vermont Freeman, a small alternative newspaper in Burlington called the Vanguard Press and a magazine called Vermont Life. However, none of his freelance work paid much. Heres a summary of Sanders political career: 1972: Unsuccessfully ran for U.S. Senate as an independent1972:  Unsuccessfully ran for governor of Vermont  as an independent1974:  Unsuccessfully ran for U.S. Senate  as an independent1976:  Unsuccessfully ran for governor of Vermont  as an independent1981: Won election to mayor of Burlington, Vermont, by 10 votes1986:  Unsuccessfully ran for governor of Vermont  as an independent1988: Unsuccessfully ran for Congress as an independent1989: Left office as mayor of  Burlington, Vermont1990: Won election to the U.S. House of Representatives2006: Won election to the U.S. Senate for the first time2007: Left the U.S. House of Representatives after eight two-year terms2012: Won re-election to the U.S. Senate2016: Campaigned unsuccessfully for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination2018: Won re-election to the U.S. Senate.2019: Launched a campaign for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination Personal Life Sanders married his first wife, Deborah Shiling Messing in 1964. The couple had no children and divorced in 1966. In 1969, Sanders’ natural son, Levi Sanders was born to his companion Susan Campbell Mott. In 1988, Sanders married Jane OMeara Driscoll, who later became president of Burlington College, in Burlington, Vermont. At the time they married, Driscoll had three children—Dave Driscoll, Carina Driscoll, and Heather Titus. Sanders also has seven grandchildren. Though he has described his religious heritage as American Jew, Sanders only occasionally attends synagogue, stating in 2016 that he had â€Å"very strong religious and spiritual feelings† and explained, â€Å"My spirituality is that we are all in this together and that when children go hungry, when veterans sleep out on the street, it impacts me.† Key Issues Sanders is most passionate about income inequality in the United States. But he is also outspoken about racial justice, universal healthcare, womens rights, climate change, reforming how Wall Street works, and getting big money out of American politics. But he has identified the disruption of the American middle class as the issue of our time. The American people must make a fundamental decision. Do we continue the 40-year decline of our middle class and the growing gap between the very rich and everyone else, or do we fight for a progressive economic agenda that creates jobs, raises wages, protects the environment and provides health care for all? Are we prepared to take on the enormous economic and political power of the billionaire class, or do we continue to slide into economic and political oligarchy? These are the most important questions of our time, and how we answer them will determine the future of our country. On Socialism Sanders is not shy about his identification as a socialist.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Ive run outside of the two-party system, defeating Democrats and Republicans, taking on big-money candidates and, you know, I think the message that has resonated in Vermont is a message that can resonate all over this country, he has said. Net Worth Compared to the likes of Donald Trump, who claimed he was worth $10 billion, and millionaires Hillary Clinton, Ted Cruz and Jeb Bush, Sanders was poor. His net worth in 2013 was estimated at  $330,000 by the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics. His 2014 tax returns showed he and his wife earned  $205,000 that year, including his $174,000 salary as a U.S. senator. Updated by Robert Longley   Sources and Further Reference â€Å"Sanders, Bernard (1941 – ).† Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.Nicholas, Peter (2016). â€Å"Bernie Sanders to Return to Senate as an Independent.† The Wall Street Journal.Seitz-Wald, Alex (2015). â€Å"Bernie Sanders explains democratic socialism.† MSNBC.Krieg, Gregory Krieg. â€Å"Bernie Sanders launches second presidential campaign.† CNNMangla, Ismat Sarah. â€Å"Why Arent American Jews Celebrating Bernie Sanders In 2016?† International Business Times.

Managing Product Procurement Supply Chain - 1566 Words

8. Risk management The most frequent activity in supply chain is to manage product procurement; supplies means a process from manufacturer to have inventory and to meet the market demand. The purpose to supply is to use the lowest cost but provide fast, accurate and stable delivery date to respond customers orders. In the supply chain, Possible risks include In the supply chain, supplier and manufacturer could meet such as supply risk, strategic risks and operational risk. The main risk comes from the manufacture and purchasing merchandise, the inventory risk and alternative possibilities. According to Steele and Court (1996) supply risk occurs mainly caused by the imbalance between supply and demand. 8.1 HM’s risk management There are lots of elements need to consider in HM’s risk management, It can be found from HM’s official website, the weather, macroeconomic and climate change, trade interventions, some external factors in manufacture countries and foreign currency are all parts of the risk management. Fashion Fashion has a limited life cycle, and there is always some part of collection will not be able to accept for the customers. However, HM try to execute a sustainable fashion for each collection and combination the right quality with the right price. Weather The product is introduced in every season, however, if winter or summer comes slower or comes early, the products would possibly face the sluggish sales. For HM the solution is to conduct a saleShow MoreRelatedDecision Support Systems1501 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation that is useful in decision making. 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In the past, procurement was seen as insignificantRead MoreProcurement: Purchasing Management Association1205 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to Procurement Introduction  to  Procurement     Quiz  #  1   True/False  (1  mark  per  question)   1.   Competition  today  is  no  longer  between  firms;  it  is  between  the  supply  chains  of  those  firms.   True  Ã‚   False   2.   There  is  a  definitive  and  prescriptive  set  of  supply  chain  measures  that  applies  to  all  supply  chains.   True   False  Ã‚   3.   The  knowledge  and  skills  demanded  of  today’s  supply  professional  is  the  same  as  before.   True  Ã‚   False   4.   The  key  to  the  success  of  any  company  is  the  quality  of  its  employeesRead MoreProcurement Management Approach For Human Procurement Process1470 Words   |  6 PagesProcurement Management Approach No plans have been made to update this document unless the scope of the installation of Roof Membrane changes or any significant changes in APEX procuring processes are made. 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Funding for Same-Sex Public Schools free essay sample

Funding For Same-Sex Public Schools Parents always want what’s best for their children, especially when it comes to education and furthering it. But what type of education/school is best for your child? What type of classroom setting better prepares your child for the future? After years of debate, the federal government has formally cleared the way for the funding of single-sex public schools throughout the country — a movement that supporters say will benefit poor and minority children but opponents argue is discriminatory under gender equality rules. Should the government fund same-sex public schools? Or schools for homosexuals? Americas schools have many problems, and there is no one solution. But if there is one suggestion that is likely to gain solutions, it is to allow experiments. Lets have coed schools and single-sex schools and see which works best. Most likely, one will work best for some kids, the other for other kids. In that case, society will function best if we  offer both opportunities and let the students choose. The same can be said for schools for the LGBT Community. Students who are comfortable enough with themselves to be out the closet, and want to be in a school where they don’t have to be ridiculed, teased and abused because of who they are, should have the option to go to a school that has students that identify as Gays, Lesbians, or Transgendered. As Written by Jessica Calefati for the US News education blog, â€Å"Gay students fend off bullies in schools across the country every day. Research published recently by the Gay Lesbian Straight Education Network found that 82 percent of students who identify themselves as other than heterosexual were verbally harassed at school in the past year, and other studies show gay students are more likely than their heterosexual peers to develop depression or have thoughts of suicide. Thirty-nine states lack laws that specifically protect gay students from harassment at school. In response to this grim reality, Alliance and New York Citys Harvey Milk High School opened their doors to give struggling gay students another option—the chance to attend a public school populated by students like themselves and an environment in which their differences are welcomed. But while these schools provide safer environments for gay students, they also reawaken the debate about school segregation. † In my opinion, as a gay student myself, having public schools that are strictly for gays would be great. I wish I could have attended such a school while I was in high school. High school is tough as is, but adding in the harassment you face from other students as a gay teen is very life altering and emotionally, sometimes physically effective. If the government funded a public school for students who identified as I think it would cut down on A LOT of teen suicide. Having a school where all the students are just like you would help a lot of gay teens. It would give them a sense of security, confidence, and they would have less peer pressure. The school could serve as a ground that gives them the strength to live a life of fulfillment. I have friends who wish they could have gone to a gay public school because the things they went through in a coed high school scarred them. They feel as though they aren’t the exact person they were meant to be because they had to hide who they were for so long it became part of them. It affects their lives now as adults, some even affecting their relationships with others. I, myself didn’t have much of a problem. Since I didn’t mind telling people when they asked about my sexuality I didn’t get harassed as others would. I was actually kind of popular. I was smart, funny, informative, and unique. Girls loved to be around me and the guys felt I was their way in with the girls, but I still would have rathered to be part of a same-sex public school because I would have liked to hang out with others such as myself. Maybe I would have had a different outlook on life. The Department of Education published its proposed rules regarding the recent revision to Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments, which outlaws federal funding for  education programs  that discriminate on the basis of gender. The revision clarifies the rules in which same-sex schools are concerned, and endorses such schools as long as there are equal funding opportunities for both sexes. The revisions were spearheaded by a bipartisan group of lawmakers and the final language was included in the No Child Left Behind  education bill signed by President Bush. Numerous lawmakers who spoke in favor of the revisions pointed to mounting evidence that some children will learn better in same-sex environments — benefiting from more rigorous academic routines, leadership opportunities, freedom from tereotypes and discipline. Single-sex schools can provide an important contribution and the people it will benefit the most are disadvantaged children, said Cornelius Riordan, a professor of sociology at Providence College and panelist at a conference at the American Enterprise Institute. Sometimes, in some circumstances we find that girls do better in a single-sex atmosphere and boys do better in a single-sex at mosphere, said Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchinson, R-Texas, in a hearing last year on the bill. Drop the barriers. Open the options for public schools. She was joined by Sen. Hillary Clinton, D-N. Y. , who pointed to the Young Women’s Leadership Academy in New York City. We know this has energized students and parents, she said in the same hearing. I believe public school choice should be expanded and as broadly as possible. But not everyone agrees. The American Association of University Women has consistently argued that Title IX prohibits single-sex schools and that the benefits of such an education have been exaggerated. While single-sex education experiments do produce some positive results for some students in some cases, much of the  research  indicates that the properties of a good education, not a sex-segregated environment, make the difference, the group said in a statement. Opponents also point to a California study released that found that gender stereotyping, harassment and other areas of concern in today’s co-educational environment do not necessarily diminish in single-sex schools. Rosemary Salomone, A professor of law at St. John’s University of Law who has written extensively in support of single sex schools, said that there is no clear evidence that single-sex schools improve achievement, and added that such schools are not an ideal way to prepare boys and girls for personal relationships. However, there is a growing body of evidence — both empirical and anecdotal — to suggest single-sex programs encourage student interest and empowerment, she said. Riordan, who has conducted  studies  on disadvantaged students in single-sex schools, said he has found empirical evidence. They do work to improve academic achievement – but it is limited to students of low economic status and those who are disadvantaged historically, he said. Nobody is saying we should require kids to be in same-sex classrooms. They are merely in favor of choice. Let the students choose whether or not they want to be in a certain type of classroom setting, especially if they have problems in the type of sc hool they’re in now. Its very possible that some boys will do worse at a boys-only school than at a coed school. But lets offer both options. If one option consistently works best, parents will choose it, and the other will be discarded. More likely, both options will find their market niche, and parents will move their children among them according to which option is best suited to their individual needs and talents. The opposition mainly feels creating same-sex public schools, or classroom settings will create inequality among the sexes in school. But the schools that provide such programs will benefit the sexes as they see fit. During my research on this paper I found that a lot of teachers preferred same-sex classes. They could teach in a manner they couldn’t if the classes were coed. Mr. Napolitano, a teacher who has a same-sex class, said he thinks of his students as â€Å"23 sort-of sons,† and engages them with Marvel Comics and chess. He proudly held up the book â€Å"Patrol Boy,† with a picture of a young man with a large tattoo on his back, as an example of material he would not have used in a co-ed class. â€Å"There’s an aspect of male bonding, a closeness that we wouldn’t otherwise have,† he said. I feel more like I am teaching them about right from wrong than I might have normally. † And he said he can â€Å"be a little more stern† with his students now. â€Å"If I get in the face of a girl, she would just cry,† he said. â€Å"The boys respond to it, they know it’s part of being a young man. † Effective teaching of childr en often depends on getting them engaged and excited about learning the material. And for that, the  teacher  has to work with the childrens motivations, including interests and preferences. If those differ by gender, then same-sex classrooms can sometimes be more effective than coed ones. All in all, the students should have some type of say in the way they feel is best for them to learn. If students feel more comfortable in a certain classroom setting let them make the decision to be in that environment. Let them test it out, see if that’s the type of setting they wanna be in. Don’t dictate what you feel is best without giving another option to choose from.

Personal Reflections Journal Grading Rubric Essays - Bibliography

Personal Reflections Journal Grading Rubric Criteria Levels of Achievement Excellent Good Fair Deficient Points Earned Content 10 to 10 points Journal entry shows clear engagement with course materials by citing specific lessons/readings/videos that directly relate to the prompt . Entry contains evidence of thought and analysis. Citations are present. 7 to 9 points Journal entry shows some engagement with course materials by citing specific lessons/readings/videos that relate to the prompt but are not wholly focused. Entry p rovides some analysis but some thoughts are not clearly explained. Some citations are present; applicable material is not cited. 3 to 6 points Journal entry engages course materials or the prompt in a cursory way. Some points are not supported by course material s or outside research. The MindTap e-text readings are the only cited material . 0 to 2 points Journal entry does not clearly engage course material s or does not address the prompt . Entry consists primarily of opinion and is not supported by any material. No citations present. Grammar, Organization, and Style 5 to 5 points Journal entry reflects standards of grammar, mechanics, and style with no errors. Paragraphs are organized and structured with a clear topic sentence and supporting sentences. Transitional wording is present. 4 to 4 points Journal entry reflects standards of grammar, mechanics, and style with no more than 2 errors. Paragraphs are organized and structured with only minor errors. 3 to 3 points Journal entry reflects basic understanding of grammar, mechanics, and style with no more than 3 errors. Contains s ignificant issues with paragraph structure. 0 to 2 points Journal entry contains more than 4 errors in grammar, mechanics, style , and spelling . Organization and structure detract from message of entry. Criteria Levels of Achievement Excellent Good Fair Deficient Points Earned Length 5 to 5 points Contains 200- 300 words. 4 to 4 points Contains at least 190 words and no more than 310 words. 3 to 3 points Contains at least 180 words and no more than 320 words. 0 to 2 points Contains less than 180 words or more than 320 words. Total Instructor's Comments:

An Introduction to Psychological Warfare

An Introduction to Psychological Warfare Psychological warfare is the planned tactical use of propaganda, threats, and other non-combat techniques during wars, threats of war, or periods of geopolitical unrest to mislead, intimidate, demoralize, or otherwise influence the thinking or behavior of an enemy. While all nations employ it, the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) lists the tactical goals of psychological warfare (PSYWAR) or psychological operations (PSYOP) as: Assisting in overcoming an enemy’s will to fightSustaining the morale and winning the alliance of friendly groups in countries occupied by the enemyInfluencing the morale and attitudes of people in friendly and neutral countries toward the United States To achieve their objectives, the planners of psychological warfare campaigns first attempt to gain total knowledge of the beliefs, likes, dislikes, strengths, weaknesses, and vulnerabilities of the target population. According to the CIA, knowing what motivates the target is the key to a successful PSYOP.   A War of the Mind As a non-lethal effort to capture hearts and minds, psychological warfare typically employs  propaganda to influence the values, beliefs, emotions, reasoning, motives, or behavior of its targets. The targets of such propaganda campaigns can include governments, political organizations, advocacy groups, military personnel, and civilian individuals. Simply a form of  cleverly â€Å"weaponized† information, PSYOP propaganda may be disseminated in any or all of several ways: Face-to-face verbal communicationAudiovisual media, like television and moviesAudio-only media including shortwave radio broadcasts like those of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty or Radio HavanaPurely visual media, like leaflets, newspapers, books, magazines, or posters More important than how these weapons of propaganda are delivered is the message they carry and how well they influence or persuade the target audience.   Three Shades of Propaganda In his 1949 book, Psychological Warfare Against Nazi Germany, former OSS (now the CIA) operative Daniel Lerner details the U.S. militarys WWII Skyewar campaign. Lerner separates psychological warfare propaganda into three categories:   White propaganda: The information is truthful and only moderately biased. The source of the information is cited.Grey propaganda: The information is mostly truthful and contains no information that can be disproven. However, no sources are cited.Black propaganda: Literally â€Å"fake news,† the information is false or deceitful and is attributed to sources not responsible for its creation. While grey and black propaganda campaigns often have the most immediate impact, they also carry the greatest risk. Sooner or later, the target population identifies the information as being false, thus discrediting the source. As Lerner wrote, Credibility is a condition of persuasion. Before you can make a man do as you say, you must make him believe what you say.† PSYOP in Battle   On the actual battlefield, psychological warfare is used to obtain confessions, information, surrender, or defection by breaking the morale of enemy fighters.   Some typical tactics of battlefield PSYOP include:   Distribution of pamphlets or flyers encouraging the enemy to surrender and giving instructions on how to surrender safelyThe visual â€Å"shock and awe† of a massive attack employing vast numbers of troops or technologically advanced weaponsSleep deprivation through the continual projection of loud, annoying music or sounds toward enemy troopsThe threat – whether real or imaginary – of the use of chemical or biological weaponsRadio stations created to broadcast propagandaRandom use of snipers, booby traps, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs)â€Å"False flag† events – attacks or operations designed to convince the enemy that they were carried out by other nations or groups In all cases, the objective of battlefield psychological warfare is to destroy the morale of the enemy leading them to surrender or defect.   Early Psychological Warfare While it might sound like a modern invention, psychological warfare is as old as war itself. When soldiers the mighty Roman Legions rhythmically beat their swords against their shields they were employing a tactic of shock and awe designed to induce terror in their opponents.   In the 525 B.C. Battle of Peluseium, Persian forces held cats as hostages  in order to gain a psychological advantage over the Egyptians, who due to their religious beliefs, refused to harm cats.   To make the number of his troops seem larger than they actually were, 13th century A.D. leader of the Mongolian Empire Genghis Khan ordered each soldier to carry three lit torches at night. The Mighty Khan also designed arrows notched to whistle as they flew through the air, terrifying his enemies. And in perhaps the most extreme shock and awe tactic, Mongol armies would catapult severed human heads over the walls of enemy villages to frighten the residents. During the  American Revolution, British troops wore brightly colored uniforms in an attempt to intimidate the more plainly dressed troops of George Washington’s Continental Army. This, however, proved to be a fatal mistake as the bright red uniforms made easy targets for Washington’s even more demoralizing American snipers. Modern Psychological Warfare Modern psychological warfare tactics were first used  during World War I. Technological advances in electronic and print media made it easier for governments to distribute propaganda through mass-circulation newspapers. On the battlefield, advances in aviation made it possible to drop leaflets behind enemy lines and special non-lethal artillery rounds were designed to deliver propaganda. Postcards dropped over German trenches by British pilots bore notes supposedly handwritten by German prisoners extolling their humane treatment by their British captors. During  World War II, both Axis and Allied powers regularly used PSYOPS. Adolf Hitlers rise to power in Germany was driven largely by propaganda designed to discredit his political opponents. His furious speeches mustered national pride while convincing the people to blame others for Germany’s self-inflicted economic problems. Use of radio broadcast PSYOP reached a peak in World War II. Japans famous Tokyo Rose broadcast music with false information of Japanese military victories to discourage allied forces. Germany employed similar tactics through the radio broadcasts of Axis Sally.   However, in perhaps the most impactful PSYOP in WWII, American commanders orchestrating the leaking of false orders leading the German high command to believe the allied D-Day invasion would be launched on the beaches of Calais, rather than Normandy, France. The Cold War was all but ended when U.S. President Ronald Reagan publicly released detailed plans for a highly sophisticated â€Å"Star Wars† Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)anti-ballistic missile system capable of destroying Soviet nuclear missiles before they re-entered the atmosphere. Whether any of Reagan’s â€Å"Star Wars† systems could have really been built or not, Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev believed they could. Faced with the realization that the costs of countering U.S. advances in nuclear weapons systems could bankrupt his government, Gorbachev agreed to reopen dà ©tente-era negotiations resulting in lasting nuclear arms control treaties.   More recently, the United States responded to the September 11, 2001 terror attacks by launching the Iraq War with a massive â€Å"shock and awe† campaign intended to break the Iraqi army’s will to fight and to protect the country’s dictatorial leader Saddam Hussein. The U.S. invasion began on March 19, 2003, with two days of non-stop bombing of Iraq’s capital city of Baghdad. On April 5, U.S. and allied Coalition forces, facing only token opposition from Iraqi troops, took control of Baghdad. On April 14, less than a month after the shock and awe invasion began, the U.S. declared victory in the Iraq War.   In todays ongoing  War on Terror, the Jihadist terrorist organization ISIS – the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria- uses social media websites and other online sources to conduct psychological campaigns designed to recruit followers and fighters from around the world.

Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Essays

Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Essays Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Paper Cousin Kate and The Choosing poetry comparison Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Literature The poem Cousin Kate is written by Christina Rossetti in the 19th century. The Choosing was written in the 20th century by Liz Lochhead. Both poems are about two girls who are equal, and how with the interference of a man and a decision they go in different directions of life. In Cousin Kate betrayal is the theme, whereas, in The Choosing there is more a sense of envy between the characters. Both poems are similar. They consist of men, marriage, love and women. Cousin Kate is a traditional narrative poem. It has been written in first person, narrated by I using the personal pronoun. I is the victim. The poem is set out in quatrains so it has a regular structure. Each stanza has four lines and the poem also rhymes. The Choosing has an irregular structure and it doesnt rhyme on every stanza. Rhythm is only used to emphasise the important parts of the poem. The structure of both poems can tell us when the poem was written. Both poems also differ from each other. One difference would be the title. The title The Choosing tells us that a decision was made. The is a definite article and Choosing is a verb, which is a doing word. The purpose of a title is to give the reader an idea to what the poem could be about. It has been used to mislead the reader, it gives you false expectations until you meet the point that the title is relating to in the poem. And wonder when the choices got made we dont remember making. This tells us that a choice was made, but I or Mary didnt decide. The choice was made by Marys father, they moved to a different home. This distanced I and Marys friendship so they took different paths of life. The writer has used caesuras to once again emphasise important parts of the poem. The title Cousin Kate is a proper noun because it is a name. In this poem the writer has used oxymoron to contrast both parts of Is life. To lead a shameless shameful life. This oxymoron tells us that Is life is shameless and shameful, she is trying to express the difference of her present life with her past life. Her past life was shameless because she was an ordinary cottage maiden living an ordinary life, until the Lord found her out and filled her heart with care. Her present life is shameful because she has lost her virginity before marriage. In the 19th century this was considered serious. Women were humiliated and thrown out of their homes, it was a shameful life. In Cousin Kate I was a cottage maiden along with her cousin Kate. Contented with my cottage mates. This phrase tells us that I was better off in her past life before the Lord interfered. She wasnt mindful, but she was fair. The Lord took advantage of Is beauty. He lured her to his palace home and used her as his plaything. I however, was unable to see the Lords true colours; she may have truly loved the Lord until she found out about his affair with her cousin Kate. He changed me like a glove. This simile has been used to emphasise how easy it was for the Lord to change Is way of thinking. He tricked her into loving him and he used her to make himself look good to the public. When he was satisfied with her, he became bored and then he noticed Kate. I was cast by. This also tells us that the 19th century had a patriarchal society. Men had to be the boss; only men were permitted to have a job. Women were expected to stay home and take care of their children. Only men were allowed to divorce their wives. The neighbours call you good and pure, call me an outcast thing. I is disgraced; she is pointed at and humiliated. Nevertheless, she has something the Lord would give lands for; she has the Lords fair-haired son. Her shame, but her pride and a gift that Kate can never give the Lord. In The Choosing I and Mary are equal and young. With the same coloured ribbons in mouse coloured hair. This tells us that they are young because they wear ribbons on their mouse coloured hair. The word mouse is a synonym to a light brown colour. Synonyms are used to include other words with the same meaning. It also tells us that they are equal and normal average girls. Both girls were first equal and equally proud. We curtseyed to the Lady Councillor for copies of Collins Childrens Classics. This tells us that both girls were equally clever. The writer has used an alliteration to slow down the rhythm and make it stand out to show how important education was then. However, I had always felt a bit jealous of Mary. And my terrible fear of her superiority at sums. This tells us that Mary was a little better at Maths than I. This frightened I a little because Mary would become better than her so they would no longer be equal anymore. I felt jealous. The writer has also used and, a conjunction to show Is agony and feelings of envy for Mary. Ten years later on a Saturday- I am coming home from the library. This tells us that there is a change in time, it is the present tense. It also tells us that she wants to learn and get a good job. She has just come back from the library, she may have been studying there, and she is determined not to go back to the old same life. She wants to see the difference and change in an educated life from an ordinary life. In Cousin Kate Kate is described as good and pure. They are positive adjectives because they describe a person in a good way. Kate is described this way because she is still a virgin. I on the other hand is pregnant with the Lords baby. Kate grew fairer than I. The Lord chose Kate while I was cast by. He bound you with his ring. This tells us that the Lord proposed to Kate. The word bound is a verb; the writer has used this verb because she wants to express to the reader that Kate is restricted from her freedom, she is trapped in his clutches, and theres no escape. This tells us that in the 19th century women were controlled by men, and they were only to do as they were told. Your love was writ in sand. This is a metaphor used to explain to the reader that Kates love for the Lord is false. Kate is interested in the Lords money. Her love can wash away like sand. Kate may be good and pure, but under her pretty face lays greed and selfishness. In The Choosing Mary is a quiet character. I dont know exactly why they moved, but anyway they went. Something about a three-apartment and cheaper rent. Rhythm is used in these two phrases because this is where the choice gets made. It has to stand out to enable the reader to notice. This tells us that Marys father may have had financial difficulties or lost his job so they had to move homes. This also tells us that Mary may have had to live her life uneducated because her father couldnt afford it. It is Marys father who makes the decision of their lives. Mary is a simple and ordinary schoolgirl, but she may have been beautiful to find a handsome husband. Sitting near me on the bus, Mary with a husband who is tall, curly haired, has eyes for no one else but Mary. This sentence has a hurenthasis caesura. It plainly states that Marys husband is devoted to her. The adjectives used in this sentence to describe Marys husband tell us that he is a handsome and good-looking man. This makes I feel jealous of Mary when she sees her on the bus. One other thing that makes I feel envious is when she realises that Mary is pregnant. Her arms are round the full-shaped vase that is her body. This is a metaphor that has been used to tell the reader that Mary is pregnant so she is happy and settled in her marriage. This tells us that in the 20th century women were less controlled by men. Men were beginning to take relationships seriously. The Lord in Cousin Kate praised Is flaxen hair to ensure her that he could be trusted. She fell for the Lords words, but her trust was betrayed after the Lord left her for another women. He wore me like a silken knot. This simile tells us that the Lord found it easy to gain Is trust. However, the Lord cannot completely remove I from his life because she has his son. The Lord needs an heir so he would give lands for one. Marys father in The Choosing is in a working class situation. He has been described in a way to make him sound strict. Marys father, mufflered, contrasting strangely with the elegant greyhounds by his side. This tells us that he isnt a very friendly father. He doesnt believe in high-school education especially for girls so he is sexually double standard and very stereotypical about girls. It was because of his decisions Mary and I took different paths of life. In conclusion, both poems are similar because they consist of women and womens role. Both poems have been written by women. In the 19th century women were expected to get married before they become pregnant. I disobeyed this traditional rule and so she got punished for it. In The Choosing I became jealous of her childhood friend. In the 20th century women were free, they were permitted to work and learn. There was no rush in marriage. The difference is the fact that in both poems the society is different, it is better in the 20th century. Women are included as useful.

Special Interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Special Interest - Essay Example The aims and objectives of Interest groups are set in such a way so as to benefit the group members or a specific portion of society, for example procuring government subsidies to farmers. There are also issues which cover the public interest in the broader sense such as improving air quality. Berry (1999) believes that the interest groups in the United States act as mediators in conveying the opinion and requirements of the common man to the elected representatives. Individuals can find an interest group that can address or focus on his personal problem. The directories of American Voluntary Associations provide an overview of what these interest group associations aim at and why they are formed. The Gale Research Encyclopedia of Associations is considered as the most acceptable listing of interest groups. Most of these groups seek to influence the public policies. Prior to 1970, the records in America had information on interest groups which were actively involved in business, labor and agriculture. As per the findings of Baumgartner and Leech (1998), the interest group universe has become more complicated since then. With the industrialization, the agricultural groups have started dwindling and have lost influence in the United States. Large number of new interest groups has come into existence, some of them are mentioned below: The large multinational corporations have much influence and say, states Sinclair (2000). These companies will be generally members in more than one trade association. These associations represent the view of the industry they are associated with. The National Association of Manufacturers and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce are supported by the big corporations and these â€Å"umbrella† groups represent and speak on behalf of the entire business community, believes Victor (2001). Professionals also